-
1 be sickened with
v. bıkmak, usanmak, bezmek -
2 be sickened with
v. bıkmak, usanmak, bezmek -
3 (to) sicken
(to) sicken /ˈsɪkən/A v. i.2 sentir nausea; essere disgustato: I sickened at the sight of the blood, mi sentii prendere dalla nausea alla vista del sangue3 (lett.) seccarsi, stancarsi, stufarsi: In the end Ann sickened of her husband, alla fine Ann si è stancata del maritoB v. t.2 far star male; dare la nausea a: The sight of blood sickens me, la vista del sangue mi dà la nausea3 (fig.) nauseare, disgustare● to be sickened by a virus, ammalarsi per un virus □ to be sickened with, ammalarsi di; stufarsi di: to be sickened with an unknown illness, ammalarsi di una malattia sconosciuta; I'm sickened with your complaints, sono stufo delle tue lamentele. -
4 (to) sicken
(to) sicken /ˈsɪkən/A v. i.2 sentir nausea; essere disgustato: I sickened at the sight of the blood, mi sentii prendere dalla nausea alla vista del sangue3 (lett.) seccarsi, stancarsi, stufarsi: In the end Ann sickened of her husband, alla fine Ann si è stancata del maritoB v. t.2 far star male; dare la nausea a: The sight of blood sickens me, la vista del sangue mi dà la nausea3 (fig.) nauseare, disgustare● to be sickened by a virus, ammalarsi per un virus □ to be sickened with, ammalarsi di; stufarsi di: to be sickened with an unknown illness, ammalarsi di una malattia sconosciuta; I'm sickened with your complaints, sono stufo delle tue lamentele. -
5 caught
ловить; пойматьСинонимический ряд:1. entangled (adj.) entangled; foul; jammed; tangled2. seized (adj.) apprehended; arrested; captured; seized; snared; taken; under arrest3. bagged (verb) bagged; captured; collared; got/got or gotten; nailed4. caught up (verb) caught up; enmeshed; ensnared; entangled; entrapped; snared; tangled; trammelled; trapped5. contracted (verb) came down with/come down with; contracted; sickened of; sickened with6. duped (verb) bamboozled; chicaned; conned; duped; dusted; flimflammed; fooled; gulled; hoaxed; hoodwinked; jobbed; kidded; spoofed; tricked; victimized7. fastened (verb) anchored; fastened; fixed; moored; secured8. found (verb) descried; detected; discerned; encountered; espied; found; glimpsed; hit upon; met with; spied; spotted; turned up9. got (verb) developed; got; netted; sickened10. hit (verb) clouted; hit; knocked; popped; slammed; slogged; smacked; smashed; smote; smote/smitten or smote; socked; struck; swatted; whacked; whammed11. intercepted (verb) blocked; cut off; intercepted12. lodged (verb) lodged; stuck13. married (verb) espoused; married; wedded14. overhauled (verb) overhauled; overtook/overtaken; took/taken15. saw (verb) accepted; apprehended; compassed; comprehended; conceived; fathomed; followed; grasped; made out; make out; read; saw; saw/seen; take in; took in/taken in; tumbled to; twigged; understood16. seized (verb) clutched; grabbed; grappled; nabbed; seized17. struck (verb) nipped; snapped; snatched; struck18. surprised (verb) boarded; hit on; surprised; took -
6 contracted
1. a обусловленный договором, договорный2. a нахмуренный, сморщенный3. a уст. узкий, ограниченный4. a лингв. сокращённый, стяжённыйСинонимический ряд:1. booked (adj.) advertised; billed; booked; due; obligated; proposed; reserved2. engaged (adj.) affianced; betrothed; engaged; intended; plighted3. bargained (verb) bargained; covenanted4. caught (verb) came down with/come down with; caught; got/got or gotten; sickened of; sickened with; took/taken5. compressed (verb) compressed; concentrated; condensed; constricted; shrank; shrank/shrunk or shrunken6. engaged (verb) engaged; pledged; promised; undertaken7. got (verb) developed; got; sickened; took8. incurred (verb) incurred -
7 got
Синонимический ряд:1. acquired (verb) acquired; annexed; chalked up; come by; compassed; had; landed; obtained; procured; pulled2. affected (verb) affected; carried; impressed; influenced; inspired; moved; struck; swayed; touched3. became/become (verb) became; became/become; grew; grew/grown; ran/run; turned; waxed; went/gone4. bothered (verb) aggravated; annoyed; bothered; burned up or burnt up; chafed; disturbed; exasperated; fretted; galled; grated; inflamed; irked; irritated; nettled; peeved; piqued; provoked; put out; riled; roiled; ruffled; vexed5. came/come (verb) arrived; came/come; contacted; got in/got in or gotten in; reached; showed up/shown up or showed up; showed/shown or showed; turned up6. contracted (verb) came down with/come down with; contracted; sickened of; sickened with; took/taken7. drew (verb) derived; drew8. fathered (verb) begot/begotten or begot; bred; fathered; procreated; sired9. induced (verb) argued into; brought around; convinced; drew in/drawn in; drew on/drawn on; drew/drawn; induced; persuaded; prevailed on; prevailed upon; prompted; talked into; won over10. learned (verb) learned; mastered; pick up; picked up11. made (verb) brought in; deserved; draw down; drew down/drawn down; earned; gained; knocked down; made; merited; pull down; won12. memorized (verb) conned; memorized13. nonplused (verb) beat/beaten; buffaloed; nonplused; stuck; stumped14. prepared (verb) fitted; fixed; made up; prepared; readied15. took (verb) bagged; captured; caught; collared; developed; nailed; netted; secured; sickened; took -
8 taken
taken by storm — брал штурмом; взятый штурмом
Синонимический ряд:1. seized (adj.) assigned; captured; full; grabbed; held; occupied; rented; reserved; seized; snatched; sold2. acted (verb) acted; behaved; functioned; operated; performed; reacted; worked or wrought3. admitted (verb) admitted; received; taken in4. apprehended (verb) accepted; apprehended; compassed; comprehended; followed; made out; seen; tumbled to; twigged5. appropriated (verb) annexed; appropriated; arrogated; confiscated; expropriated; preempted; sequestered6. asked (verb) asked; call for; called for; craved; demanded; entailed; involved; necessitated; required7. assumed (verb) assumed; commandeered; pre-empted; struck; usurped8. attracted (verb) allured; attracted; bewitched; captivated; charmed; derived; drawn; enchanted; fascinated; magnetized; wiled9. borne (verb) abided; abode or abided; borne; brooked; digested; downed; endured; gone; lumped; stomached; stood; stuck out; suffered; supported; sustained; swallowed; sweat out or sweated out; tolerated10. bought (verb) bought; purchased11. brought (verb) brought; carried; conveyed; fetched12. caught (verb) bagged; captured; caught; collared; nailed; overhauled; overtaken; secured13. cheated (verb) beaten; bilked; cheated; chiseled or chiselled; cozened; defrauded; done; flimflammed; gulled; gypped; mulcted; overreached; reamed; swindled; victimised14. chosen (verb) chosen; culled; elected; marked; opted for; picked; picked out; preferred; selected; singled out15. clasped (verb) clasped; grasped; gripped16. contracted (verb) come down with; contracted; got or gotten; sickened of; sickened with17. deducted (verb) deducted; discounted; drawn back; knocked off; subtracted; take off; taken away; taken off; taken out18. eaten (verb) consumed; devoured; eaten; fed on; ingested; partaken of19. gotten (verb) developed; gained; gotten; netted; sickened; won20. read (verb) construed; interpreted; read21. seized (verb) clutched; grabbed; grappled; nabbed; seized; snatched22. surprised (verb) boarded; hit on; surprised23. treated (verb) dealt with; handled; played; served; treated; used24. understood (verb) believed; conceived; expected; gathered; imagined; supposed; suspected; thought; understood -
9 took
брать; требоватьсяСинонимический ряд:1. acted (verb) acted; behaved; functioned; operated; performed; reacted; worked or wrought2. admitted (verb) admitted; received; took in3. apprehended (verb) accepted; apprehended; compassed; comprehended; followed; made out; saw; tumbled to; twigged4. appropriated (verb) annexed; appropriated; arrogated; confiscated; expropriated; preempted; sequestered5. asked (verb) asked; call for; called for; craved; demanded; entailed; involved; necessitated; required6. assumed (verb) assumed; commandeered; pre-empted; struck; usurped7. ate (verb) ate; consumed; devoured; fed on; partook of8. attracted (verb) allured; attracted; bewitched; captivated; charmed; derived; drew; enchanted; fascinated; magnetized; wiled9. bore (verb) abided; abode or abided; bore; brooked; digested; downed; endured; ingested; lumped; stomached; stood; stuck out; suffered; supported; sustained; swallowed; sweat out or sweated out; tolerated; went10. bought (verb) bought; purchased11. brought (verb) brought; carried; conveyed; fetched12. caught (verb) bagged; captured; caught; collared; nailed; overhauled; overtook; secured13. cheated (verb) beat; bilked; cheated; chiseled or chiselled; cozened; defrauded; did; flimflammed; gulled; gypped; mulcted; overreached; reamed; swindled; victimised14. chose (verb) chose; culled; elected; marked; opted for; picked; picked out; preferred; selected; singled out15. clasped (verb) clasped; grasped; gripped16. deducted (verb) deducted; discounted; drew back; knocked off; subtracted; take off; took away; took off; took out17. got (verb) came down with; contracted; developed; gained; got; netted; sickened; sickened of; sickened with; won18. read (verb) construed; interpreted; read19. seized (verb) clutched; grabbed; grappled; nabbed; seized; snatched20. surprised (verb) boarded; hit on; surprised21. treated (verb) dealt with; handled; played; served; treated; used22. understood (verb) believed; conceived; expected; gathered; imagined; supposed; suspected; thought; understood -
10 sicken
1) (to become sick.) zboleti2) (to disgust: The very thought sickens me.) gnusiti se* * *[sikn]1.intransitive verboboleti, zboleti, pokazati prve znake bolezni; bolehati, slabeti, občutiti slabost, hirati; začutiti gnus (stud), naveličanost (of s.th. do česa); poslabšati se (vreme);2.transitive verbnapraviti (koga) bolnega; oslabiti; povzročiti gnus, disgustirati, priskutitito be sickened with s.th. — biti sit (naveličan) česarich food sickens me — mastna hrana se mi upira, se mi je priskutila -
11 sicken
1. intransitive verb1) (become ill) krank werdenbe sickening for something/the measles — (Brit.) krank werden od. (ugs.) etwas ausbrüten/[die] Masern bekommen
2) (feel nausea or disgust)sicken at something — sich vor etwas (Dat.) ekeln
2. transitive verbsicken of something/of doing something — einer Sache (Gen.) überdrüssig sein/es überdrüssig sein, etwas zu tun
1)2) (disgust) anwidern* * *1) (to become sick.) erkranken2) (to disgust: The very thought sickens me.) anwidern* * *sick·en[ˈsɪkən]I. vito \sicken for measles/a cold an Masern/einer Erkältung erkrankenII. vt* * *['sɪkn]1. vt(= turn sb's stomach) anekeln, anwidern; (= upset greatly) erschüttern, krank machen (inf); (= disgust) anwidernwhat they saw in the camp sickened them — sie waren entsetzt über das, was sie im Lager sahen
it sickens me the way he treats her — es macht mich krank, wie er sie behandelt
doesn't it sicken you? — das ist doch unerträglich or zum Kotzen (sl)
2. vi1)2) (= become ill) krank werdenyou must be sickening for something (lit iro) — ist mit dir was nicht in Ordnung?
3)to sicken of sth — einer Sache (gen) müde (geh) werden or sein, etw satthaben
* * *sicken [ˈsıkn]A v/i1. erkranken, krank werden:2. kränkeln3. sich ekeln (at vor dat)B v/t1. jemandem Übelkeit verursachen2. anekeln, anwidern* * *1. intransitive verb1) (become ill) krank werdenbe sickening for something/the measles — (Brit.) krank werden od. (ugs.) etwas ausbrüten/[die] Masern bekommen
sicken at something — sich vor etwas (Dat.) ekeln
2. transitive verbsicken of something/of doing something — einer Sache (Gen.) überdrüssig sein/es überdrüssig sein, etwas zu tun
1)2) (disgust) anwidern* * *v.erkranken v. -
12 gotten
a погашенныйСинонимический ряд:1. acquired (verb) acquired; annexed; chalked up; come by; compassed; had; landed; obtained; procured; pulled2. affected (verb) affected; carried; impressed; influenced; inspired; moved; struck; swayed; touched3. become (verb) become; gone; grown; run; turned; waxed4. bothered (verb) aggravated; annoyed; bothered; burned up or burnt up; chafed; disturbed; exasperated; fretted; galled; grated; inflamed; irked; irritated; nettled; peeved; piqued; provoked; put out; riled; roiled; ruffled; vexed5. come (verb) arrived; come; contacted; got in or gotten in; reached; shown or showed; shown up or showed up; turned up6. fathered (verb) begotten or begot; bred; fathered; procreated; sired7. induced (verb) argued into; brought around; convinced; derived; drawn; drawn in; drawn on; induced; persuaded; prevailed on; prevailed upon; prompted; talked into; won over8. learned (verb) learned; mastered; pick up; picked up9. made (verb) brought in; deserved; draw down; drawn down; earned; gained; knocked down; made; merited; pull down; won10. memorized (verb) conned; memorized11. nonplused (verb) beaten; buffaloed; nonplused; stuck; stumped12. prepared (verb) fitted; fixed; made up; prepared; readied13. taken (verb) bagged; captured; caught; collared; come down with; contracted; developed; nailed; netted; secured; sickened; sickened of; sickened with; taken -
13 sicken
1. v заболевать2. v вызывать заболевание3. v чувствовать тошноту4. v вызывать тошноту5. v испытывать отвращение; чувствовать себя плохо6. v внушать отвращение; вызывать недомогание7. v испытывать досаду, раздражение8. v внушать досаду, раздражение9. v изнемогать, изнывать, томиться желанием10. v вызывать изнеможение11. v слабетьСинонимический ряд:1. fall ill (verb) be afflicted; be stricken; be taken with; become diseased; become ill; catch a disease; come down with; fall ill; take sick2. get (verb) catch; contract; develop; get; take3. languish (verb) languish; weaken4. nauseate (verb) appall; disgust; jade; make one sick; nauseate; offend; reluct; repel; repulse; revolt; turn one's stomach5. upset (verb) derange; disorder; turn; unhinge; unsettle; upsetАнтонимический ряд: -
14 sick
sik
1. adjective1) (vomiting or inclined to vomit: He has been sick several times today; I feel sick; She's inclined to be seasick/airsick/car-sick.) mareado2) ((especially American) ill: He is a sick man; The doctor told me that my husband is very sick and may not live very long.) enfermo3) (very tired (of); wishing to have no more (of): I'm sick of doing this; I'm sick and tired of hearing about it!) harto, cansado, preocupado4) (affected by strong, unhappy or unpleasant feelings: I was really sick at making that bad mistake.) angustiado5) (in bad taste: a sick joke.) morboso, de muy mal gusto, negro
2. noun(vomit: The bedclothes were covered with sick.) vómito- sicken- sickening
- sickeningly
- sickly
- sickness
- sick-leave
- make someone sick
- make sick
- the sick
- worried sick
sick adj enfermomy brother's sick, he's got flu mi hermano está enfermo, tiene gripeto be sick vomitar / devolverto feel sick tener náuseas / estar mareadoto make someone sick poner enfermo a alguien / dar asco a alguienthis government makes me sick! ¡este gobierno me pone enfermo!tr[sɪk]1 (ill) enfermo,-a2 (nauseated, queasy) mareado,-a■ I bet you're sick of the sight of grapes! ¡seguro que estás harto de ver uvas!4 (morbid - mind, person) morboso,-a; (- joke, humour) de muy mal gusto, negro,-a1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (vomit) vómito1 los enfermos nombre masculino plural\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be off sick estar ausente por enfermedadto be sick (vomit) vomitar, devolverto be as sick as a parrot estar destrozado,-ato call in sick llamar diciendo que se está enfermo,-ato feel sick estar mareado,-a, tener náuseasto go sick darse de baja por enfermedadto make somebody sick (angry) reventar a alguien, dar rabia a alguien■ it makes you sick! ¡da rabia!■ you make me sick! ¡me das asco!to report sick dar parte de enfermedad, coger la baja por enfermedadto take sick dated enfermar, caer enfermo,-a, ponerse enfermo,-asick bag bolsa para el mareosick headache jaqueca, migrañasick leave baja por enfermedadsick ['sɪk] adj1) : enfermo2) nauseous: mareado, con náuseasto get sick: vomitar3) : para uso de enfermossick day: día de permiso (por enfermedad)adj.• doliente adj.• enfermo, -a adj.• enfermucho, -a adj.• harto, -a adj.• malo, -a adj.• nauseado, -a adj.• pálido, -a adj.v.• azuzar v.
I sɪkadjective -er, -est1) ( ill) enfermoto get sick — (AmE) caer* enfermo, enfermar, enfermarse (AmL)
to be off sick — estar* ausente por enfermedad
sick building syndrome — síndrome m del edificio enfermo
2) ( nauseated) (pred)to feel sick — (dizzy, unwell) estar* mareado; ( about to vomit) tener* ganas de vomitar or de devolver, tener* náuseas
to be sick — vomitar, devolver*
it makes me sick the way she gets away with it — me da rabia or (AmL tb) me enferma cómo se sale con la suya
3)a) (disturbed, sickened) (pred)to be sick with fear/worry — estar* muerto de miedo/preocupación
to be sick at heart — (liter) estar* muy angustiado
b) (weary, fed up)to be sick OF something/-ING — estar* harto de algo/+ inf
I'm sick and tired o sick to death of hearing that — estoy absolutamente harto or (fam) hasta la coronilla de oír eso
4) ( gruesome) <person/mind> morboso; <humor/joke> de muy mal gusto
II
1)the sick — (+ pl vb) los enfermos
2) u ( vomit) (BrE colloq) vómito m[sɪk]1. ADJ(compar sicker) (superl sickest)1) (=ill) [person] enfermo; [animal] malo, enfermo•
to fall sick — † enfermar, caer enfermo•
to go sick — faltar por estar enfermo (al colegio, trabajo etc) ; (with a medical certificate) estar de bajathe Romanians made our team look sick — los rumanos dejaron a nuestro equipo muy atrás, el equipo rumano era como para darle complejo a nuestro equipo *
•
to be off sick — faltar por estar enfermo (al colegio, trabajo etc) ; (with a medical certificate) estar de baja- be sick at heartworried, worry2)•
to be sick — (Brit) (=vomit) devolver, vomitarflying makes me feel sick — ir en avión me produce mareo or náuseas
•
to make sb sick — (lit) hacer devolver or vomitar a algnto make o.s. sick — (deliberately) hacerse vomitar or devolver
you'll make yourself sick if you eat all those sweets — te vas a poner malo si comes todos esos caramelos
- be as sick as a dogairsick, seasick, travel-sick3) (=fed up)•
to be sick of (doing) sth — estar harto de (hacer) algo *to be sick and tired or sick to death of (doing) sth — estar hasta la coronilla de (hacer) algo *, estar más que harto de (hacer) algo *
•
to be sick of the sight of sb — estar más que harto de algn *- be as sick as a parrot4) (=disgusted)•
I feel sick about the way she was treated — me asquea la forma en que la trataron•
it makes me sick the way they waste our money — me pone enferma ver la manera en que malgastan nuestro dineroshe's never without a boyfriend, makes you sick, doesn't it? * — siempre tiene algún novio, da rabia ¿no? *
it's enough to make you sick — es como para sacarle a uno de quicio, es como para desesperarse
you make me sick! — ¡me das asco!
it makes me sick to my stomach — me revienta, me da ganas de vomitar
2. N1)• the sick — los enfermos
2) (Brit) (=vomit) vómito m, devuelto m3.CPDsick building syndrome N — síndrome m del edificio enfermo
sick leave N —
to be on sick leave — tener permiso or (Sp) baja por enfermedad
to be on the sick list — estar de permiso or (Sp) de baja por enfermedad
sick note N — justificante m por enfermedad
sick pay N — pago que se percibe mientras se está con permiso por enfermedad, baja f (Sp)
- sick up* * *
I [sɪk]adjective -er, -est1) ( ill) enfermoto get sick — (AmE) caer* enfermo, enfermar, enfermarse (AmL)
to be off sick — estar* ausente por enfermedad
sick building syndrome — síndrome m del edificio enfermo
2) ( nauseated) (pred)to feel sick — (dizzy, unwell) estar* mareado; ( about to vomit) tener* ganas de vomitar or de devolver, tener* náuseas
to be sick — vomitar, devolver*
it makes me sick the way she gets away with it — me da rabia or (AmL tb) me enferma cómo se sale con la suya
3)a) (disturbed, sickened) (pred)to be sick with fear/worry — estar* muerto de miedo/preocupación
to be sick at heart — (liter) estar* muy angustiado
b) (weary, fed up)to be sick OF something/-ING — estar* harto de algo/+ inf
I'm sick and tired o sick to death of hearing that — estoy absolutamente harto or (fam) hasta la coronilla de oír eso
4) ( gruesome) <person/mind> morboso; <humor/joke> de muy mal gusto
II
1)the sick — (+ pl vb) los enfermos
2) u ( vomit) (BrE colloq) vómito m -
15 sicken
1 ზიზღის გამოწვევა (ზიზღს გამოიწვევს)2 თავის მობეზრება3 ავად გახდომა (გახდება), დასნეულება -
16 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
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17 disgust
disgust [dɪs'gʌst]1 noun(sick feeling) dégoût m, aversion f, répugnance f; (displeasure) écœurement m, dégoût m;∎ to be filled with disgust at sth être écœuré par qch;∎ in order to express our disgust with the decision pour montrer que nous sommes écœurés par cette décision;∎ I resigned in disgust dégoûté ou écœuré, j'ai démissionné;∎ much to my disgust à mon grand dégoût(sicken) dégoûter; (displease) écœurer;∎ I am disgusted with him/this government/his behaviour il/ce gouvernement/son comportement m'écœure;∎ I was disgusted by the accounts of torture (sickened) les récits de torture m'ont écœuré ou m'ont donné la nausée;∎ to be disgusted with oneself (displeased) s'en vouloir;∎ I am disgusted with or at my own stupidity (displeased) je m'en veux d'être aussi stupide -
18 disgusted
adjectiveangewidert; (nauseated) angewidert; angeekelt; (indignant) empört* * *dis·gust·ed[dɪsˈgʌstɪd]1. (sickened) angeekelt, angewidert2. (indignant) empört▪ to be \disgusted at [or with] sb for [not] doing sth darüber empört sein, dass jd etw [nicht] tut▪ to be \disgusted that... darüber empört sein, dass...* * *[dIs'gʌstɪd]adjangeekelt; (at sb's behaviour) empörtI was disgusted with myself — ich war mir selbst zuwider
* * *adjectiveangewidert; (nauseated) angewidert; angeekelt; (indignant) empört* * *adj.abgestoßen adj.angeekelt adj. n.angewidert adj.empört adj. -
19 frequent
§ ხშირად მივა / ეწვევა§ ხშირიthey cheered the sick man with frequent visits ავადმყოფს ხშირი ნახვით ამხნევებდნენ -
20 disgusted
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